This is the study of the marriages of the children,
                  grandchildren and great grandchildren of Hugh Simpson and Mary
                  Kidd who arrived in Canada in about 1833 from County Down,
                  Ireland. In 1867 the Irish consisted of 24% of the Canadian
                  population. Now (2011) the Irish make up about 14.5% of the
                  population. So in 1867 if marriages were completely random we
                  would expect a person to marry another of Irish origin 24% of
                  the time. Almost a one in four chance of marrying an Irish
                  person. In 2006 we could expect a person to marry another of
                  Irish decent 15 % of the time. In 1901 18.4%. In 1901 and 1911
                  Canadians were asked what their country or place of birth was,
                  what their racial or tribal origin was and what their
                  nationality was. They were not given the opportunity to select
                  multiple options (e.g., German-Irish-French). Given the era
                  people selected the origin of their father.
                
                
                  Of some interest is the fact that the Irish in Canada had
                  quite a different geographical distribution than in the USA.
                  In the USA the Irish tended to remain quite urban, perhaps
                  being trapped in the urban areas of first location due to
                  poverty. In Canada the early Irish immigrants, although coming
                  from the same locations, were very rural, they tended to be
                  farmers. This is so for the Simpson family. It is not until
                  the third generation that we see a few family members locating
                  in urban areas and taking on non-farming occupations. For this
                  reason there may be less chance of geographical clustering of
                  ethnic groups.
                
                
                  1st generation – marriages from about 1850-1870
 
                  Margaret Simpson married Robert Ard, born in Ireland
                
                George Simpson married Jane Manes from Ireland
                
                  Joseph Simpson married Mary Stewart, father from Fermanagh
                  County, Ireland
                
                Hugh Simpson married Margaret Cooney from Ireland
                Mary Simpson married William Cooney of Ireland
                
                  Sarah Jane Simpson married Charles Monford born in Ireland
                
                
                  So all of the first generation children married Irish
                  partners. 100%.
                
                
                  2nd generation – marriages from about 1870 to
                    1900
                  kids of Margaret
                  Hugh Ard married Margaret Ann Cooper family from England or
                  Scotland.
                  Alexander Ard married Mary Manhassel (Macheseny) family from
                  Ireland lived in Bruce county north
                
                
                  Robert George Ard married Georgina x
                  Sarah Janae Ard married Thomas Coatham of English origin.
                  Margaret Ard married Robert Morton or Irish origin.
                  John Ard married Jane Martin of English origin.
                  Esther Ard married Richard Thomas of English origins.
                  Isabelle Dunne Ard married William Richard Jones of England.
                
                
                  kids of George
                  Hugh Simpson married Helen Thornton of English origin.
                  Jane Simpson married Thomas James Robinson (1863) of English
                  origins.
                  Mary Ann Simpson married William Pritchard of Irish origin.
                
                
                  kids of Joseph
                  William George Simpson married Annie E. Smith of English
                  origin.
                  Eva C. Simpson married William Bellamy of English origin.
                  John A. Simpson married Ada Theodora Adams of English
                  origins
                  Robert Simpson married Sarah Elizabeth McDonad family from
                  Orkney Islands
                  Hugh Thomas Simpson married Annie Thompson origins in County
                  Antrim, Ireland.
                
                
                  kids of Hugh
                  George Wilbert Simpson married Ethel “Effy” May White of
                  English origin.
                  Edith Simpson married Harvey Roseborough probably of Irish
                  origins.
                
                
                  kids of Mary
                  John H. Cooney married ??
                  Cordelia Elizabeth Cooney married John Williamson (father was
                  Robert) probably Irish
                  Mary M. Cooney married George E. Williamson (father was Jason)
                  of Irish origins.
                  William George Cooney married Margaret Pirie (probably
                  Scottish).
                  Joseph Edward Cooney married Laura Willmot Roberts of English
                  origins.
                
                kids of Sarah Jane
                
                  Charles Monford married Elizabeth L. Gordon of Irish origins
                  then Mary Ann Cook
                  Mary Jane Monford married Robert Henry Thompson or Irish
                  origins.
                  Agnes Monford married Charles Cook of English origins.
                  Margaret Monford married William Henry Hutchison of Scottish
                  origins.
                  Elizabeth Monford married George Hutchison of Scottish
                  origins.
                  George Monford married Mary L. Bailey of Irish origins.
                  Joseph Monford married Isabella McDonald of Scottish
                  origin.
                  Sarah Monford married Don Gilchrist probably Scottish.
                  Hannah Monford married Hugh Black of Scottish origins.
                
                
                  32 marriages of 36 individuals I can account for. I have
                  excluded those that died young or those I know did not marry.
                  So about 10 of the 32 married some one of Irish origin. 32% of
                  the time. Still higher than we might expect by chance.
                
                
                  3rd generation
 
                  Robert Hugh Ard (1888-1964). Married Jane E. Burgess
                  (1889-1983) of Scottish origin.
                  Margaret Emma Ard b. 1890 married Charles F. Rutherford of
                  Scottish origin
                  Robert Ard (1880-1945). Served in WW1. Married Eliza x
                  Margaret Ard b. 1885 married Robert McMenemy (1888) father
                  Thomas of Irish origin
                  Mary Agnes Ard b. 1888 married Joseph curry (father James) of
                  Irish origin.
                  Edward Ard b. 1890 married Josephine Sutton of English
                  origin.
                  Sarah Ann Ard 1882) Married Squire Ralph Longley. ??
                  Irene Ard (1893-1956). Sam Wright Barcus probably of distant
                  English origin.
                  Thomas Coatham (1901-1969) married Kathryn Elizabeth Kay
                  (father James and Christina)
                  Robert Ernest Otto Coatham (1895-1980) married Hilda Hazel
                  Burgess of Scottish origin.
                  Mary Esther Coatham (1898-1992). Married Cecil Nevi Stapleton
                  (1894-1991) English
                
                
                  William Morton (1880-) married Ada Ann Beatty or Irish
                  origin
                  Frederick A. Morton (1889-). Went to USA in 1911
                  Ernest S. Ard (1884-). married Mary E. Langford of English
                  origin.
                  Elsie Ard (1893-). mzrried Arthur W. Crawforth(1889-1960) of
                  English origin.
                  Harold Ray Simpson married an English woman during WW1
                  Durward Simpson married Ella Wilson born in Ireland.
                
                
                  Mable Pritchard (1891-) married Royal A. Hutchinson (1884-) in
                  1918 of English origins.
                  Suttle Joseph Pritchard (1895-1983) married Mary Florence Jane
                  Miller in 1921 of Irish origin.
                
                Ella May Simpson married Alexander Dunn, German.
                
                  Eva Mary Simpson (1913-1995) married Frederick Stevens,
                  Irish
                  Helen Marion Simpson (1913-) married Frances William Doyle,
                  probably Irish.
                  Iva Jean Simpson (1914-1993) married Fred Fiander in 1945,
                  believe she died in Lady Smith, BC.
                  Aileen Edith Simpson (1915-2007) married Wesley Harold Adams,
                  English.
                
                Evelyn Simpson married Ray Ferguson, English
                John Joseph Simpson married Margaret Johnston, Irish
                Lyall Simpson married Jean Heather, Irish
                
                  Harold Simpson married Jessie Hagyart
                  Ada Simpson married Louis Braaten, Norway
                
                Mabel Louise Simpson married x James, Irish
                
                  Harold Simpson (1907-1992) married Margaret Pepper
                  (1911-1989). English
                  Perl Roseborough (1911-) married Percy Cruickshank,
                  Scottish
                  Laura Josephine Cooney (1922-1992) married Alvin Benjamin
                  Evans (1917-1997), ??.
                
                
                  Charles M. Thompson (1893-1979) married Laura M. Hammond
                  (1894-1978) Irish
                  Henry Wilton Thompson (1897-1953) married Nell Lorraine
                  Huffman from USA.
                  Wilbert Simpson Thompson (1905-) married Velma Vennona Ostrum.
                
                Arthur Simpson married Nellie McDonald, Scottish
                
                  George Hutchison Cook (1901-1975) married to Dorothy Edith
                  Yeoman (1904-1999), English.
                  Olive Jane Cook (1903-1985) married John E. Elder, Irish.
                  Ira Edward Cook (1905-1936) married Jean Sherman, English.
                  Hugh Simpson Cook (1907-1977) married Janet Martin
                  (1909-1997), French.
                  Harold Cook (1911-) married Delmer Fenwick (1911-1938),
                  Irish.
                  John Gordon Cook (1909-) married Ila Marie Margaret Ann Keyes,
                  Irish
                  Grace Beatrice Hutchison (1899-) married Robert Charles
                  Staterlow Davenport, English. William Henry Hutchison (1904-)
                  married Hazel Loretta Rachel Dale (1906-), Scottish.
                
                
                  George Stanley Hutchison (1900-1984) married Susanne Jurik
                  William Hutchison (1903-) married Olga x in 1940,- born in
                  USA. in 1916. probably non-Irish, non-British
                  Clara Ethel Hutchison (1904-1992) married x Tennant,
                  Scottish.
                  Edgar John Hutchison (1908-2004) married Hope x (1905-2001) ??
                
                
                  Elisha Bailey Monford (1897-1980) married Constance (or Helen)
                  Appleby, English
                  George (or Gordon) Monford (1926-2012) married Joyce x. ??
                  Lorne Monford (1929-2005) married Eve X in 1952.
                  Hugh John Elmer Black (1909-1980) married Hannah Jane Chatwell
                  (1911-2003) English
                
                Marriage summary
                
                  Since I now know a great deal about the Simpson family that
                  emigrated to Canada in 1833 I thought it of interest to check
                  marriage patterns to see if the Irish tended to marry in
                  (endogamy) or to marry out (exogamy).
                
                
                  It is necessary to know the number of Irish in Canada over the
                  years before attempting to look at whether people were
                  endogamous (marrying in) or exogamous (marrying out). In 1867
                  approximately 25% of the Canadian population were of Irish
                  ancestry. In 1901 approximately 18% of the Canadian population
                  were of Irish ancestry. In 2006, approximately 15% of the
                  Canadian population were of Irish origins.
                
                
                  First generation:
                  All six Simpson children married Irish partners. Significantly
                  higher than one might expect. To make sense of this you need
                  to know something of the geographic distribution of the Irish.
                  If they tended to settle together and have limited means of
                  transportation there would be a great chance of finding a
                  partner of the same ethnic origin. As ethic communities began
                  to separate and as transportation improved we would expect the
                  rate of endogamy to go down.
                
                
                  Second generation:
                  10 of the 31 marriages I was able to trace married Irish
                  partners, 32%. In 10 couples both partners were Irish. This is
                  about 33% of all couples so suggests a degree of in-marriages.
                  Irish individuals had a better than random chance of marrying
                  someone else of Irish background.
                
                
                  Third generation:
                  It was harder to trace the great grandchildren of the original
                  family but I did identify 45 marriages. It is difficult to be
                  confident of the origins of the mate since there were probably
                  multiple origins. However, only 14 of the 45 marriages were to
                  Irish partners, 31%, or better than choosing an Irish partner
                  at random However, if I look only at those who claimed Irish
                  ancestry, 10 of the 30 (33%) people married someone of Irish
                  ancestry, significantly better than choosing an Irish partner
                  by chance and the same rate as for the second generation. So
                  we can conclude that by the third generation the specific
                  ethnic origin (Irish) of a person still had some influence on
                  their selection of a marriage partner.